Formal commentary

Commentary The time horizons of formal decision analyses

Clinical decision analyses use time horizons that vary from hours to the patient’s entire life. Analyses of decisions with a lifetime horizon commonly use Markov models, which simulate the patient’s lifespan by dividing it into equal periods (cycles). At each cycle, the model exposes a hypothetical cohort to the competing hazards of normal aging and of the disease in question (disease-specific ...

?Logic and Formal Ontology: Is the Final Formal Ontology Possible

Musa Akrami AbstractMany philosophers and logicians have contemplated the relationship between ontology and logic. The author of this paper, working within a Bolzanoan-Husserlian tradition of studying both ontology and logic, considers ontology as the science of the most general features of beings and the most general relations among them. He considers logic as the science concernin...

Adornment in Quran Commentary

The holy Quran has dealt with women`s adornment and its decree in 33 of Ahzab and 60 of Nur. The proposed definitions from the commentators and jurisprudents are various but similar to each other. This paper intends to explain the concept and limit of adornment precisely. Analysis of adornment elements indicates that the domain of women’s adornment is wider than manifesting embellishment and ad...

Commentary: The formal approach to quantitative causal inference in epidemiology: misguided or misrepresented?

Design and formal verification of DZMBE+

In this paper, a new broadcast encryption scheme is presented based on threshold secret sharing and secure multiparty computation. This scheme is maintained to be dynamic in that a broadcaster can broadcast a message to any of the dynamic groups of users in the system and it is also fair in the sense that no cheater is able to gain an unfair advantage over other users. Another important feature...